The person who is the Canadian monarch is the same as the British monarch, although the two institutions are separate. See the State Departments travel website for the Worldwide Caution and Travel Advisories. Christians, representing 53.3percent of the population in 2021, are followed by people reporting irreligion or having no religion at 34.6percent. [395][396][397] Canada has placed emphasis on equality and inclusiveness for all its people. [200], The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law of the country and consists of written text and unwritten conventions. ", "Consolidated federal laws of canada, THE CONSTITUTION ACTS, 1867 to 1982", "Religion by visible minority and generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts", "The Daily 2011 National Household Survey: Immigration, place of birth, citizenship, ethnic origin, visible minorities, language and religion", Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs, "Sikh Community Profile Infographic English", "A literature review of Public Opinion Research on Canadian attitudes towards multiculturalism and immigration, 20062009", "The mother beaver Collection Profiles", "Canada in the Making: Pioneers and Immigrants", "Maple Leaf Tartan becomes official symbol", Disruption: Change and churning in Canada's media landscape, "Freedom of expression and media freedom", "Putting a spotlight on Canada's Artistic Heritage", "Canadian sport participation Most frequently played sports in Canada (2010)", "Why Toronto should get excited about the Pan Am Games", "World Cup 2026: Canada, US & Mexico joint bid wins right to host tournament", Canadiana: The National Bibliography of Canada, Official website of the Government of Canada, Official website of the Governor General of Canada, Official website of the Prime Ministers of Canada, Canada's official website for travel and tourism, International Council for Canadian Studies, World Wars and Interwar Years (19141945), Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Commonwealth Secretariat Member Countries, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canada&oldid=1134353852, English-speaking countries and territories, Former British colonies and protectorates in the Americas, French-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations, Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, States and territories established in 1867, Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2018, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles containing Laurentian-language text, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 18 January 2023, at 07:44. English and French are its official languages. [10], From the 16th to the early 18th century, "Canada" referred to the part of New France that lay along the Saint Lawrence River. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom. Canada is the largest foreign supplier of energy to the US, including oil, natural gas, and electric power, and a top source of US uranium imports. [70][71] Canada assumed control of Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory to form the Northwest Territories, where the Mtis' grievances ignited the Red River Rebellion and the creation of the province of Manitoba in July 1870. [426] The earliest Canadian narratives were of travel and exploration. [92], Canada's strong attachment to the British Empire and Commonwealth led to major participation in British military efforts in the Second Boer War (18991902), World War I (19141918) and World War II (19391945). [367] New Brunswick, the only officially bilingual province, has a French-speaking Acadian minority constituting 33 percent of the population. It is the worlds second-largest country by total area, although as a whole the country is sparsely populated. [287][291], The Canadian Space Agency operates a highly active space program, conducting deep-space, planetary, and aviation research, and developing rockets and satellites. [321] Canada has one of the highest rates of adult obesity among Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, contributing to approximately 2.7million cases of diabetes (types 1 and 2 combined). [149], Approximately 12.1 percent of the nation's landmass and freshwater are conservation areas, including 11.4 percent designated as protected areas. A house was sold without the owners' consent. Here's how to protect yourself. [315] Approximately 65 to 75percent of Canadians have some form of supplementary health insurance related to the aforementioned reasons; many receive it through their employers or access secondary social service programs related to extended coverage for families receiving social assistance or vulnerable demographics, such as seniors, minors, and those with disabilities. The Programme for International Student Assessment indicates Canadian students perform well above the OECD average, particularly in mathematics, science, and reading,[345][346] ranking the overall knowledge and skills of Canadian 15-year-olds as the sixth-best in the world, although these scores have been declining in recent years. [186][187], While the monarchy is the source of authority in Canada, in practice its position is symbolic. TORONTO - Canadas mens basketball team will play exhibition games against Spain and Argentina this summer in preparation for the 2023 FIBA World Cup. [81] The federal government did provide emergency relief, on condition of the Indigenous peoples moving to the reserves. [145] Over half of Canada's landscape is intact and relatively free of human development. TORONTO - Canadas mens basketball team will play exhibition games against Spain and Argentina this summer in preparation for the 2023 FIBA World Cup. Here's how to protect yourself. [29] As a consequence of European colonization, the Indigenous population declined by forty to eighty percent, and several First Nations, such as the Beothuk, disappeared. The Province of Canada (or the United Province of Canada or the United Canadas) was a British colony in British North America from 1841 to 1867. [309] Life expectancy is 81.1 years. [247], The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces receive their power and authority from the Constitution Act, 1867, whereas territorial governments have powers delegated to them by the Parliament of Canada. Canada is a country in North America. [420], Other prominent symbols include the national motto "A mari usque ad mare" ("From Sea to Sea"),[421] the sports of ice hockey and lacrosse, the beaver, Canada goose, common loon, Canadian horse, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the Canadian Rockies,[418] and more recently the totem pole and Inuksuk. [391][392] Canada has the second-largest national Sikh population, behind India. Citizens have the right, where there is sufficient demand, to receive federal government services in either English or French and official-language minorities are guaranteed their own schools in all provinces and territories. Here's how to protect yourself. [236] Canada has since served in over 50 peacekeeping missions, including every UN peacekeeping effort until 1989,[85] and has since maintained forces in international missions in Rwanda, the former Yugoslavia, and elsewhere; Canada has sometimes faced controversy over its involvement in foreign countries, notably in the 1993 Somalia affair. [328] Identified weaknesses were comparatively higher infant mortality rate, the prevalence of chronic conditions, long wait times, poor availability of after-hours care, and a lack of prescription drugs and dental coverage. [125] Canada has over 2,000,000 lakes563 of which are larger than 100km2 (39sqmi)containing much of the world's fresh water. The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court and final arbiter and has been led since December 18, 2017, by Richard Wagner, the chief justice of Canada. [380] With Christianity in decline after having once been central and integral to Canadian culture and daily life,[381] Canada has become a post-Christian, secular state. [213] These treaties are agreements between the Canadian Crown-in-Council with the duty to consult and accommodate. A house was sold without the owners' consent. English and French are its [322][323], In 2021, the Canadian Institute for Health Information reported that healthcare spending reached $308billion, or 12.7 percent of Canada's GDP for that year. Despite Canadas great size, it is one of the worlds most sparsely populated countries. Due to changes in testing policies across Canada, case counts shown may be lower than actual numbers. Peace came in 1815; no boundaries were changed. [184][188][189] The use of the executive powers is directed by the Cabinet, a committee of ministers of the Crown responsible to the elected House of Commons and chosen and headed by the prime minister (at present Justin Trudeau),[190] the head of government. [48] In 1600, the French established their first seasonal trading post at Tadoussac along the Saint Lawrence. [215], Canada is recognized as a middle power for its role in international affairs with a tendency to pursue multilateral solutions. The delay underscored Canada's independence. Together, the provinces collect more revenue than the federal government, a rarity among other federations in the world. [211] Various treaties and case laws were established to mediate relations between Europeans and many Indigenous peoples. [298] The main drivers of population growth are immigration and, to a lesser extent, natural growth. thng tin) cn gi l Gia N i) l quc gia c din tch ln th hai trn th gii, v nm cc bc ca Bc M. The border of Canada with the US is the longest bi-national land border in the world. [378], The "Fundamental Freedoms" section of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms states:[379]. [134] Canada is geologically active, having many earthquakes and potentially active volcanoes, notably Mount Meager massif, Mount Garibaldi, Mount Cayley, and the Mount Edziza volcanic complex. In my time at Caada College, I had the amazing opportunity to grow as a leader. [146] The boreal forest of Canada is considered to be the largest intact forest on Earth, with approximately 3,000,000km2 (1,200,000sqmi) undisturbed by roads, cities or industry. "They serve FranceHow can I serve Canada? COVID-19 in Canada. [419] The Arms of Canada are closely modelled after the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom with French and distinctive Canadian elements replacing or added to those derived from the British version. [364] Canada's federal government practices official bilingualism, which is applied by the commissioner of official languages in consonance with section 16 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the federal Official Languages Act. [189] Canada's three territories also have legislatures, but these are not sovereign and have fewer constitutional responsibilities than the provinces. [219][220] The strategy of the Canadian government's foreign aid policy reflects an emphasis to meet the Millennium Development Goals, while also providing assistance in response to foreign humanitarian crises. [92], The Canadian economy boomed during the war as its industries manufactured military materiel for Canada, Britain, China, and the Soviet Union. Despite Canadas great size, it is one of the worlds most sparsely populated countries. [153] Lake Superior National Marine Conservation Area is the world's largest freshwater protected area, spanning roughly 10,000 square kilometres (3,900sqmi) of lakebed, its overlaying freshwater, and associated shoreline on 60 square kilometres (23sqmi) of islands and mainland. [295] Canada has also produced one of the world's most successful and widely used sounding rockets, the Black Brant; over 1,000 Black Brants have been launched since the rocket's introduction in 1961. [349] The major panethnic groups chosen were: European (52.5percent), North American (22.9percent), Asian (19.3percent), North American Indigenous (6.1percent), African (3.8percent), Latin, Central and South American (2.5percent), Caribbean (2.1percent), Oceanian (0.3percent), and other (6percent). [144] About 65 percent of Canada's resident species are considered "Secure". [454] The Group of Seven were painters with a nationalistic and idealistic focus, who first exhibited their distinctive works in May 1920. Canada is a well-performing OECD country in reading literacy, mathematics, and science with the average student scoring 523.7, compared with the OECD average of 493 in 2015. [244], Canada is a federation composed of ten federated states called provinces and three federal territories. [217][218] Canada's peacekeeping role during the 20th century has played a major role in its global image. [65] Infectious diseases killed between 25 and 33 percent of Europeans who immigrated to Canada before 1891. [372] Inuktitut is the majority language in Nunavut, and is one of three official languages in the territory. A house was sold without the owners' consent. [152] Canada's oldest provincial park, Algonquin Provincial Park, established in 1893, covers an area of 7,653.45 square kilometres (2,955.01sqmi). [462] The Canadian Music Hall of Fame, established in 1976, honours Canadian musicians for their lifetime achievements. Chris Bolin/The Globe and Mail. Zellers canada locations 2023. [212] Most notably, a series of eleven treaties known as the Numbered Treaties were signed between the Indigenous peoples and the reigning monarch of Canada between 1871 and 1921. [440], Canadian mass media, both print and digital and in both official languages, is largely dominated by a "handful of corporations". Internet TLD. From north to south it spans more than half the Northern Hemisphere. [12], Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the legal name for the new country at the London Conference, and the word Dominion was conferred as the country's title. [94] After two referendums, Newfoundlanders voted to join Canada in 1949 as a province. [430], Numerous Canadian authors have accumulated international literary awards,[431] including novelist, poet, and literary critic Margaret Atwood, who received two Booker Prizes;[432] Nobel laureate Alice Munro, who has been called the best living writer of short stories in English;[433] and Booker Prize recipient Michael Ondaatje, who wrote the novel The English Patient, which was adapted as a film of the same name that won the Academy Award for Best Picture. Later that year, the name of the national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day. This paved the way for British colonies on Vancouver Island (1849) and in British Columbia (1858). [450], The Canadian government has played a role in the development of Canadian culture through the department of Canadian Heritage, by giving grants to art galleries,[451] as well as establishing and funding art schools and colleges across the country, and through the Canada Council for the Arts (established in 1957), the national public arts funder, helping artists, art galleries and periodicals, and thus contributing to the development of Canada's cultural works. [85] Canada provided asylum for the Dutch monarchy while that country was occupied and is credited by the Netherlands for major contributions to its liberation from Nazi Germany. Canada, the second largest country in the world in area (after Russia), occupying roughly the northern two-fifths of the continent of North America. [55], The Royal Proclamation of 1763 established First Nation treaty rights, created the Province of Quebec out of New France, and annexed Cape Breton Island to Nova Scotia. Canada holds the third largest oil reserves after Saudi Arabia and Venezuela, and is the only non-OPEC member in the top five. [74] In 1898, during the Klondike Gold Rush in the Northwest Territories, Parliament created the Yukon Territory. Everyone has the following fundamental freedoms: The practice of religion is generally considered a private matter throughout society and the state. [162][163] Peace, order, and good government, alongside an Implied Bill of Rights, are founding principles of the Canadian government. [44] The early 16th century saw European mariners with navigational techniques pioneered by the Basque and Portuguese establish seasonal whaling and fishing outposts along the Atlantic coast. Total cases. Chris Bolin/The Globe and Mail. [18] The Act of Union 1840 merged the Canadas into a united Province of Canada and responsible government was established for all provinces of British North America east of Lake Superior by 1855. [475], Canada has enjoyed success both at the Winter Olympics and at the Summer Olympics,[476] though particularly the Winter Games as a "winter sports nation", and has hosted several high-profile international sporting events such as the 1976 Summer Olympics,[477] the 1988 Winter Olympics,[478] the 2010 Winter Olympics[479][480] and the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. [228] For example, it maintains full relations with Cuba and declined to participate in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Call us in Washington, D.C. at 1-888-407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1-202-501-4444 (from all other countries) from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays). Provincial and territorial case numbers. Canada's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. [422] Material items such as Canadian beer, maple syrup, tuques, canoes, nanaimo bars, butter tarts and the Quebec dish of poutine are defined as uniquely Canadian. WebCanada is a vast and rugged land. [66] The Durham Report subsequently recommended responsible government and the assimilation of French Canadians into English culture. [50] The Beaver Wars broke out in the mid-17th century over control of the North American fur trade. Buy Victory Bonds". The Province of Canada (or the United Province of Canada or the United Canadas) was a British colony in British North America from 1841 to 1867. [88], The Great Depression in Canada during the early 1930s saw an economic downturn, leading to hardship across the country. [349][350] Statistics Canada reports that 35.5percent of the population reported multiple ethnic origins, thus the overall total is greater than 100percent. Education in both English and French is available in most places across Canada. 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