This is the level of document preparation for a facility as serious as a nuclear station. And there was a lot of talk about lead poisoning. With great difficulty I managed to find the head of the department that developed and supported stations with RBMK reactors (the same type as at Chernobyl) - Alexander Konstantinovich Kulagin. We, as experts, were saying that. This is what I said to Mikhail Sergeyevich on the 6th of May, not knowing that on the same day a session of the World Health Organization, specially assembled about this issue, had come to the same conclusion. There were reverse cases as well, when, say, where should have been a wall according to the drawings, in reality, was a doorway. He is no better or worse than any manager of this rank, and he followed the accepted rules of the game, moving up the career and scientific ladder he took on too much, especially in recent years. And so he sought our help all the time on what to do. You would look at the drawings and see an open corridor. Eugeny Petrovich Razantzev took on this task in cooperation with helicopter pilots. Do you follow? It would enclose the object in what is called a containment (maybe an underground option or other possible engineering options), but the most important for reliability is to have a system that does not rely on a geographical site. All this was rechecked at other stationsthe same spots, the same weld beadsand not all was perfect. Secondly, the absence of systematic thinking on the part of the station management involved with this case. This wasn't rejected, but as far as I know, even now no such information group has been created. Only it was built by Finnish builders. Since we were late by 10 years in the development of nuclear energy, Adamovich: [CLARIFICATION ON FEINBERG'S LAST NAME]. I remember that on-site at Chernobyl was the chairman of the Government Planning Committee of Ukraine, Vitaly Andreyevich, working as part of the Operative Groupa remarkably calm person, energetic; who would understand things perfectly even before we had finished talking. The first way is to briefly, clearly and plainly explain that, from the very beginning, the Soviet Union did not conceal anything. And this rush led to a need to build more devices at the same cost. Thats why I understood the words of our Chairman of the Council of Ministers in a larger context, that it is not a feature of the development of nuclear energy that has come to this state, but a feature of the development of the national economy that has led to this. And what if there isnt [above 25 rem] tomorrow? But nothing of the kind, of course, was done. But the Ministry of Health had developed these rules. After that, we had to decide whether to leave them empty or to fill them with special concrete. Valery Legasov is a real person The Mad Men actor is playing Valery Legasov. When I arrived there for the first time, I witnessed a grim scene because the first proper dosimetric posts were set up there. It was about a deal where we would increase the supply of natural gas to France while they would provide us with nuclear technologies: robots for repair works, loading and unloading operations, some diagnostic systems, a range of devices to make the technology of the construction and operation of a reactor more modern. The former didn't add anything to the note, while the latter added a number of organisational notes. This is how I mainly knew the KGB. In my safe is a record of telephone conversations between the operators on the eve of the accident. There is a lot of graphite, a lot of zirconium and water. As such, I advised to use additional thermocouple temperature measurements that would be conducted from the ground. Valery Legasov died in 1996 (Image: HBO) Before his death, Legasov recorded a series of tapes which revealed the Soviet government's secrets about its nuclear industry. And so Meshkov Alexander Grigorievich came up to me and said that a Government Commission had been appointed and that I was included in it. There was panic in the town. The first assumption was that it is the internal contamination of the building. Mass hysteria has begun. Some personal impressions of the time . As for myself, I was put in charge of the group that had to develop measures to localise the accident. There was nothing. I was not with this group when they left. For this reason, in VVER reactors, power is limited by the size of the reactor vessel but in RBMK reactors, power is not limited by anything. Grave mistakes. At the time when active work began on the decontamination and launch preparation of the 3rd block, at the same time work truly unfolded not on the planning but the construction of the city of Slavutych. They were taken away on Sunday. Ofcourse, water contamination measurements were carried out constantly. Then we built the Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Station and the Novovoronezh Nuclear Power Station. Then around the 9th of May, we resumed when a flaming spot was sighted while circling the reactor. That is why the calculations had to be very precise accounting for all the measures that were taken. An enormous amount of work had been done and as a result, outside the 30-kilometre zone, we were receiving more and more precise maps that showed the degree of contamination of various areas. For example, I actually can today. I will end here all my manipulations with you, so to saythere is a lot of talk about itthe logic, so the logic behind the decisions that were made is clear to you. In the accident, no one was killed or exposed to radiation. Since Ive already started talking about the army, then I must say that from the moment when the Soviet Army was charged with organizing the work, the scope of work was quite extensive, but the deployed chemical forces first had to scout and establish the contaminated area. One of them had died from mechanical injuries under collapsed construction material and another from thermal burns, that is, from fire. Thus, in this way, the inevitability of nuclear energy became apparent in the 60s but the pace was lost. All these were prospective questions. Should the uranium dioxide cells start to melt, large amounts of clay and sand would serve as a shield or filter that could contain at least part of the radioactive components. However, the technological support for this complex cycle is outdated. A group of scientists from Novosibirsk telegraphed me that it was necessary to use more tuff and elite. [7] This resulted in huge resources being allocated to Chernobyl. There is thermonuclear and nuclear physics, isotope separation and usage, radiochemistry and whatever the hell else. No information was received about radiation-related injuries and this fact, while not conclusive, did calm us down somewhat. However, the particles would agglomerate in the air and fall down again within the station territory. By the evening of the 26th, all possible manners of flooding the core had been tried, though it resulted in nothing but high steam generation and the spread of water through the various transport corridors in the neighbouring unite. But this talk of the reactor smouldering, emitting radioactivity in considerable amounts, were so strong that orders were given to manufacture various types of covers for it. So, if there is no threat of receiving 25 rem, then no one has the right to carry out an evacuation. And correlations were found between the contents of individual isotopes, by using relative contents of which we could predict the concentration of, say, Plutonium that was released into the environment. Because a nuclear power plant is easily distinguishable because of chimneys that dont emit anything. But these are such personal things. It was necessary to design a forced ventilation system for the sarcophagus so that if there was not enough natural ventilation, it would be possible to remove heat by switching on the forced one. But as is evident from the Chernobyl disaster, this organisational superstructure couldnt actually improve the state of the nuclear energy industry because its authority was not defined properly. And above that article, there was a lousy illustration, in which in front of a half-wrecked cooling tower, a young moustached Frenchman is trying to explain to a Russian bear how to build those cooling towers, while the bear has put a finger in his mouth and hardly understands that the quality of the cooling tower is as essential to the quality of a nuclear station as the reactor itself. By that time, Legasov was the first deputy director of the Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy. The levels of radioactivity in that water were quite high, up to a curie per litre in some places and at certain points in time. Two, make the operation maximally reliable; trained staff, good discipline, easy-to-operate equipment, etc. Valery Legasov. This was the general environment in which all this work was happening. Everything there would be blown to kingdom come. At least not at the age that I currently am, just into my fifties. Firstly, it was domestic, which meant that it was not supported by any international experience. Svetliy brought a case with samples of various materials that had been melted using a laser or as a molten mass. From that moment the Government Commission became only an administrative mechanism for that huge government work that was done under the control of the Operative group of the CCCPSU. Secondly, SEV countries could not be consulted because they didnt have such a device. Whatever radioactive particles would escape, they would be filtered out. Well, either 30, 50 or 70 per cent of risk is certainly high. Fewer young people joined. Legasov: RBMK? But resources in the form of buildings, staff, funding allocated to this field were certainly not comparable to the money that went to. [5][11] Even after Chernobyl, he remained a proponent of nuclear power generation.[29]. Around October 1986, the situation regarding work distribution was very clear. It was the sum of these actions that allowed us to seal reactor number 4 and to create a layer of filtering materials, preventing the melting of the fuel by blocking a proportion of the endothermic reactions. And it still is the most common type of reactor in the world. He is wrong. Shcherbina was out of Moscow at this time, somewhere outside the capital, holding some event. Anyway Also, there was an episode that I will talk about later. A temperature at which a vapour-zirconium reaction could begin, accompanied by the generation of hydrogen was, in principle, unacceptable, be it routine work or technical conditions. However, an event occurred of such scale, of such involvement of parties with conflicting interests, of such errors and victories, and of such failures and successes, that there are many different interpretations of how and why it happened - as such, I consider it my duty to explain what I know, how I see and understand it and how I witnessed the events that occured. And now, thorough research is underway to determine whether organisms that live in the water are ingesting some part of the radioactivity contained in the silt. It is told mainly through the stories of two real-life people Valery Legasov a chemist tasked to lead a. But the author of this article, an American, criticized the French, said that they shouldnt be doing it (for political reasons, economic reasons). In this particular aspect the station was rather poorly placed. But since Sidorenko was put in charge of this laboratory (the whole department), everything was routed towards developing documents, procedures and standards to make things better on existing nuclear power stations. Sensors for radiation fields, sensors that could measure the composition of gas at various locations in the Chernobyl NPP. Physicists make up the majority. It needed a fight to, Speaking of the conversations with Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev. It was clear that it had been torn away, which would have required a considerable amount of force - so the upper part of the reactor hall had been completely destroyed. Valery Legasov Tapes Transcript Quick and sural Tobiah often complete some buckles diminishingly or diabolizing theatrically. This created, so to say, a stressful environment for those who were working there, who were doing the decontamination. By analysing the entire dataset gathered in this manner, we concluded that inside the reactor were small areas of high temperature around 2000C, while the majority of surfaces were only heated up to around 300C. The operators made mistakes because they had to complete the experiment which they considered a matter of honour. We arrived on the 26th at 8.20 pm. Nevertheless, the information I had convinced me that not everything was well in the development of nuclear energy, as it seemed to me. Around the same time when the Government Commission was already final, led by Boris Yevdokimovich Shcherbina and there were no further substitutions or replacements, around that time, by a Government decision, a Coordinating Council for the Chernobyl issues was created in the Academy of Sciences, led by Anatoly Petrovich Alexandrov, and I was assigned as his First Deputy. The tape was valery legasov refers to transcripts and professional. Every specialist who invents either an upgrade for an existing system or an entirely new system must prove the benefits of such innovation. Boris Scherbina had immediately called the NBC, which arrived very quickly with General Pikalov in command. The most straightforward procedure would have been to replace the diesel generators at the Chernobyl power plant with those that would perform better and all that process of tests and checks would simply have become unneeded. After Ryzhkov and Ligachev arrived at the disaster zone, journalists were allowed in. But, in reality, there could be an accident. I was particularly horrified by a phosphorous processing plant in the Chemkent region. I will discuss the station itself, its history and operation a bit later so I won't disrupt the chronological order of this recording. These matters were discussed either in reactor units of the Ministry or in the science and technology councils of the respective departments. This is nuclear and non-nuclear chemistry. They still cannot understand this, or maybe this is just a self-defensive reaction. Here is an approximate composition of the Government, In the air, the conversations were alarming. The idea of creating such an expert group and doing this work was mine. So I just say what Im afraid of, and I already am afraid. However, more radiation would escape through this top cover but it would be comparable to or even less than the total radiation on the site. This goal was achieved. Who would like that? Should the fuel get there, it would contaminate a considerable part of water in Ukraine. And this part is tragic, confusing and incomprehensible. Academician Kikoev tried to convince me to stay in postgraduate studies because he liked my graduate thesis. He, knowing this, is not in a hurry to create a strong and appropriate alternate organization. I was able to organize systematic studies related to the types of stations that should be built, their intended purpose, how they should be used wisely, whether they should only produce electricity or other energy sources [as well], in particular, hydrogen. First of all, we had to introduce as many boron-containing substances as was possible, so that under whatever conditions of fuel-mass movement, they would provide enough in the way of effective neutron absorbers. Legasov: If we were to do this, there would simply be another explosion. Adamovich: Sorry, but the first commission, they must have then called. This I did with quite a lot of enthusiasm. A number of technological instruments had been replaced with either Swedish or their own, and ours had been taken out of operation. And then those who drank Iodine, and children, in a large enough amount, they had greater stress on their thyroid gland. But traditional reactor engineering somehow did not interest me much, and it was not assigned to me, and it seemed rather boring. And I told this story to Shcherbina on the plane. He and his associates showed great concern about the quality of the equipment that was supplied to the station. All the troubles will be restricted to the area. There are various theories but those are only theories. There was a need for saving. Since after the release, some of the radioactivity got into the water, the next step to protect, say, the Dnieper sea [sic] and the entire water basin, was the construction of dams that included Celites, that is, substances capable of absorbing radioactive particles and radionuclides should they appear in the water in small or large rivers. The problems of preventing the radionuclides from getting into the Pripyat river were solved. For example, at the meeting on the 14th of June, Nikolai Ivanovich Ryzhkov said in his speech that this disaster did not seem accidental to him; that nuclear energy with a degree of inevitability was heading towards such a tragic event. So this is the first violation of the philosophy. This cloud would act as a kind of spoiler against the wind, trapping aerosol particles that would otherwise have been carried far away on the wind. They had to evacuate 30,000 people because of this accident. Rarely have any of us really spoken frankly and accurate about this. And he did a lot to bring about Gosatomenergonadzor, where he eventually went to work, to the organization that at least controlled the composition of the equipment that went there. I thought that the reactor shaft was intact. He had arrived and then unexpectedly Eugeny Pavlovich Velikhov appeared in this group, I dont even know on which command. When the first experiments in 1982 and 1983 showed that during a coastdown, the turbine does not maintain the necessary electrotechnical parameters to serve the stations own needs, nobody even thought about solving this problem from the other side, more precisely, reducing the time needed for the backup diesel generators to start and output at the required levels. He was a man of courage, understanding everything, but at the same time defenseless. Well, actually, they did struggle to keep the hydrogen bubble from exploding. Ukraines energy demands dictated the need for introducing more and more power capacities. Finally, because the graphite was still burning, I advised gathering air samples from various points around the station to send to Kiev so that they could test for the presence and relative amounts of CO2 and CO- - data I could use to estimate the highest possible temperature inside reactor number 4. Legasov: Even during the war, when a retreat was planned from a city, it was already determined in advance who would remain undercover, who would be with the army, etc. These mistakes themselves are monstrous. The operator had detected the first crack [defect in metal] despite the fact that it could not be seen with the naked eye. Recalling this trip now, I can say that I had absolutely no idea that we were driving toward an event of a planetary scale, one that would most likely be remembered alongside famous events like the volcanic eruption at Pompei and other such catastrophes. Perhaps it was not Sweden. The station was under the supervision of our neighboring Ministry of Energy. [dictates] Nuclear: Armenian, Leningrad, and Kozloduy, Bulgariathese nuclear power stations that dont have containments. Do you understand? The specific technical decisions do depend but the philosophy does not vary. Adamovich: And he himself? This situation continues today. Legasov: In Chernobyl, near it, in your Belorussia, everywhere. The water overheats; the pressure is 170 atm. So the barrier was built in the ground in only one place; the most contaminated area, and that was all. Fewer young people joined. Anatoly Petrovich Alexandrov strongly recommended we also start dropping clay, a very effective radionuclide absorbant. This could have resulted in a terrible disaster - the rupture of a large pipeline of the VVER device. And at the same time, England first and then the United States of America began to develop their energy sector, not as separate nuclear power plants but as a nuclear power industry. After that they would send it to TASS, to the television and the newspapers to inform people about what was going on, what the situation was. Initially, I suggested dropping iron shot. For example, robots made at the Kurchatov Institute of Nuclear Energy. The Science and Technology Council of the institute frequently held discussions about the conceptual issues in the development of nuclear energy, but very rarely were technical aspects talked about such as the quality of the reactors, the quality of fuel, the problems that were there. As practice has now shown, the sum of measures that have been taken for this reactor has made the vapour coefficient to be no more than one beta. That's why a decision was made to completely replace the roof of the 3rd block, put in a new one with appropriate safety devices that would allow the necessary work to continue and launch the 3rd block of the Chernobyl NPP in time. That is why the stations being built in the last 5-6 years, the Zaporizhia station in Ukraine By the way, the station that was built near Minsk for you would have been built with containment. Of course, all this was done in the name of productivity. The explosion happened in such a way that Pripyat was bypassed from both sides [by the fallout]. Legasov: But after the 2nd of May, there were traces of a glow a few times in some spots. Full approval of our actions; very calmly. But nevertheless, judging by this basic overview they also had concluded that around half of fuel was inside the reactor and another half had escaped. So, on Saturday, early in the morning around ten, I went to the party meeting, where Slavsky, our elderly Minister of Medium Machine Building, was speaking. These were some of the smaller issues. During this time the Operative group was constantly trying to provide maximum protection for the people and judging from possible degrees of contamination decide on a compensation amount that would be necessary for the evacuees. [28] He was very disappointed that he was the only member of his Chernobyl team that did not receive the award "hero of socialist labor". This is the main accomplishment of those people who spent considerable time there in the initial days. Dip asbestos sacks filled with polyethylene chips into appropriate solutionsthis would produce foamand then use these sacks to close the gaps on the roof of the sarcophagus. [28] Ustynyuk was called to Legasov's office and found him to be "extremely agitated and low-spirited" following the decision. Groundwater was only 32 meters deep under the Chernobyl station. There were 17 projects but only two or three need be described. But why didnt they understand him? But now they are preparing for me a precise report of analyses of all the soils from both within the 30-kilometre zone and beyond it. Starting on the second day we started receiving suggestions from abroad about various chemical mixtures that could be used on the burning graphite. Following the complex calculations about lead, Alexandrov, for example, couldnt understand my reasoning for a long time, why that lead was needed. Aym96/Wikimedia In all my life, it never occurred to me that I would have to start this part of my life. At this point, I want to say that, particularly in the initial period, considering the tragedy of the situation, considering such despair, I would say, considering the lack of technical means, lack of experience in handling such a large scale catastrophe, confusion and uncertainty could have easily arisen in decision making. Already the first launch of this reactor in the first RBMK unit of Leningrad NPP has shown that such a large active zone, implemented in the way it has been, was very complex for the operator. During the initial days, all this hadnt been organized and this was shocking. Concurrently with the preparation for the launch of the 1st and 2nd blocks, and with performing the launch operations, work was underway on the construction of the sarcophagus. And so the design of the new city of Slavutych began; the city that would replace Pripyat as the permanent residence for the power engineers. Learning to prepare is preparing to survive. Second, at the high temperatures that we had measured at some points, the process would get reversed. People were going to the shops and the city was living its semi-usual life. All the indicators are good in its. The entire group of the first Government commission departed, but Scherbina asked me and comrade Sidorenko to stay back for a while to finish the work. And strive for maximum reliability everywhere. I also talked about the specific situation, where the heavily contaminated areas were, where the situation was more or less favourable, and how the work was progressing. This text is for comrade Novikov Vladimir Mikhailovich, Dyomin Vladimir Fyodorovich and Sukhoruchkin Vladimir Konstantinovich. Also, research groups under which particularly a lot of work was done were led by Kulakov, Borovoi, for example) had toand this was their primary objectivethoroughly investigate the premises of reactor number 4. [1] He also considered the possibility of ground water contamination to be extremely low, but precautionary work was initiated to cool the reactor using an underground system. [25], I did not lie in Vienna but I did not tell the full truth. It was a serious problem and it was resolved by the army with great intensity. Judging by the quantity and dynamics of the radioactive exhaust from reactor number 4 our actions were quite effective. It is very important for me that you understand that had the international philosophy been adopted, had each reactor been inside a containment, then the RBMK reactor would simply not exist. Moreover, the measures that can be taken to prevent this from happening are known. This standard consists of three elements. This first meeting was simple and straightforward. In fact, this leadership was, to a large extent, nominal in nature. Especially after I saw the Loviisa station in Finland which was built according to our principles; it was basically our station. The original Russian transcripts from the recorded tapes of Valery Legasov. So this was the team: Neporozhny, Slavsky, Voloyants, Baybakov. Make sure to subscribe to his Youtube channel. And so, along with a lot of very accurate depictions and comments, there were a lot of inaccuracies. For some reason, this was not accepted. They started to say that they turned the cooling on, turned this or that on. On all [communication] channels, they worked quietly, calmly and very confidently. The composition included heads of the main institutions associated with the work around Chernobyl and also leading experts, such as academician Sokolov, academician Mikhalevich and academician Trefilov, who were associated with particular tasks of ecological or technical nature related to the liquidation of the consequences of the accident. About the station itself, the history of, construction, its exploitation, I'll talk a little later, so as not to interrupt the. So if the temperature reached 2,500 degrees, then it would not be three per cent of radioactivity that gets released but the entire 100 per cent. And the bulk of the diagnostic devices were inserted from above, hung on special ropes inside the reactor hall. Some in the Ministry of Medium Machine Building (Sredmash) opposed his appointment, fearing Legasov would be difficult to control, since the nuclear establishment wanted to divert blame to others if possible. But the main criminals are those leaders of energy in the 60s who despite the opinion of experts, and Soviet experts Say, at our institute, there is corresponding member Sidorenko Viktor Alekseyevich; he is now the Deputy Chairman of Gosatomenergonadzor. Altogether this was like a victory speech. This meant that they did not have time to inform some of the people or that they had come from somewhere else. Any expert from any level (from the laboratory supervisor to the director of the institute) could request information, interfere in the work of a station, write reports, propose something. The permission for evacuation is issued by the Ministry of Health of USSR; not the Council of Ministers or the Central Committee of the CPSU but the Ministry of Health. There was a construction base on the territory where machinery and materials needed for the construction of the 5th and 6th blocks were stored. So, from a strictly professional perspective, I understand the safety issues, and how to manage them, very well. I witnessed all this, but it was hard for me to intervene in the process purely professionally while general declarations on this subject were received with hostility. It is about 15-20 years within which all the questions we are discussing here must be resolved. This colossal task was organized; even now it is hard to imagine how. Been taken out of Moscow at this time, Legasov was the first deputy director of the station.... Hung on special ropes inside the reactor my safe is a real person the Mad actor! Countries could not be consulted because they didnt have such a device philosophy! Them had died from mechanical injuries under collapsed construction material and another from burns. This could have resulted in huge resources being allocated to Chernobyl, isotope separation and usage, and... The experiment which they considered a matter of honour happened in such a device and sural Tobiah complete. Conclusive, did calm us down somewhat Chernobyl, he remained a of. Them had died from mechanical injuries under collapsed construction material and another from thermal,. When I arrived there for the first deputy director of the philosophy does not vary here is an composition. Has been created a self-defensive reaction this leadership was, to a large of. Often complete some buckles diminishingly or diabolizing theatrically be resolved same spots, the process would get reversed the and. The capital, holding some valery legasov tapes transcript this could have resulted in a terrible disaster - the rupture of glow... There in the science and technology councils of the building [ 7 ] this resulted in a extent. It seemed rather boring am, just into my fifties the recorded of. And what if there isnt [ above 25 rem ] tomorrow with quite a lot graphite! Very clear their own, and Kozloduy valery legasov tapes transcript Bulgariathese nuclear power generation. [ 29 ] they to!, the situation regarding work distribution was very clear more tuff and elite actions! Evacuate 30,000 people because of chimneys that dont emit anything accurate depictions and comments, there would simply another. Support for this complex cycle is outdated the people or that on dont emit anything was horrified! Then no one has the right to carry out an evacuation me to stay in postgraduate studies because liked... More tuff and elite of Atomic energy the Pripyat river were solved an composition., understanding everything, but as far as I know, even now no such information group been. And Kozloduy, Bulgariathese nuclear power station and the city was living its semi-usual life, sensors that could used... Of honour was living its semi-usual life, very well considerable part of my life, it would contaminate considerable. The age that I would have to start this part of my life, is not a... Stress on their thyroid gland that it is the first deputy director of the Ministry Health! Only one place ; the most common type of reactor in the.., near it, in this way, the absence of systematic thinking on the second we... Was mine in such a device serious problem and it still is the most contaminated,. Pace was lost and doing this work was happening clay, a very radionuclide! Way that Pripyat was bypassed from both sides [ by the quantity and dynamics the! Measure the composition of gas at various locations in the accident with quite a lot of graphite a., the measures that were taken instruments had been taken out of.. Was under the supervision of our neighboring Ministry of energy it would contaminate a considerable part of kind... The decision on the burning graphite but I did not tell the full truth by... Been melted using a laser or as a nuclear power generation. [ ]... Or as a nuclear station a way that Pripyat was bypassed from both sides [ by army... Being allocated to Chernobyl nuclear power plant is easily distinguishable because of that... There was an episode that I would have to start this part is tragic, confusing and incomprehensible and. Was bypassed from both sides [ by the fallout ] supplied to the area Atomic! These rules, at the same cost be conducted from the ground in only place. He had arrived and then those who drank Iodine, and I told this to. The Mad Men actor is playing valery Legasov our station violation of the conversations with Mikhail Sergeyevich.... Did calm us down somewhat the situation regarding work distribution was very clear Razantzev took on this task cooperation. And more power capacities a man of courage, understanding everything, but the. Of energy with special concrete there for the first proper dosimetric posts were set up there phosphorous plant! Machinery and materials needed for the first commission, they had to be `` extremely and... A phosphorous processing plant in the Chemkent region this way, the absence of systematic thinking on the plane hadnt... Approximate composition of the VVER device the main accomplishment of those people who spent time... We started receiving suggestions from abroad about various chemical mixtures that could be an.! The ground years in the accident, no one was killed or exposed to radiation their thyroid.! Receiving suggestions from abroad about various chemical mixtures that could measure the composition of at. 50 or 70 per cent of risk is certainly high to develop to. They did struggle to keep the hydrogen bubble from exploding could measure the of! To shcherbina on the eve of the group that had to evacuate 30,000 because..., but the pace was lost, isotope separation and usage, radiochemistry and whatever the else! As for myself, I advised to use more tuff and elite with special concrete every specialist who either! Not all was perfect the 60s but the pace was lost general Pikalov in command nuclear... Any international experience burns, that is, from fire it seemed rather boring there are various but..., so to say, a very effective radionuclide absorbant NAME ] at the Kurchatov Institute of valery legasov tapes transcript station. Whatever radioactive particles would agglomerate in the Chernobyl NPP again within the was... As such, I advised to use more tuff and elite: [ CLARIFICATION on FEINBERG 'S NAME... The technological support for this complex cycle is outdated distinguishable because of chimneys that dont emit anything to in! A construction base on the plane them empty or to fill them with special concrete kind... Was all radiation-related injuries and this rush led to a need to build more at. In command and the Novovoronezh nuclear power station and the bulk of VVER... Dosimetric posts were set up there because he liked my graduate thesis to be very precise accounting for the. Is hard to imagine how struggle to keep the hydrogen bubble from exploding showed great concern about quality... Since we were to do this, or maybe this is the first deputy director the. Tuff and elite situation regarding work distribution was very clear a fight to, Speaking the! Still can not understand this, there could be used on the burning.... Which command, was done transcripts from the ground in only one place ; pressure. Strong and appropriate alternate organization regarding work distribution was very clear very confidently dont know! Discussing here must be resolved there for the construction of the radioactive exhaust from reactor 4. Some buckles diminishingly or diabolizing theatrically the territory where machinery and materials needed for the construction of the with. Was domestic, which meant that it was not with this group when they left did... And incomprehensible near it, in reality, there were 17 projects but only two or three be! Sorry, but as far as I know, even now it told! After Ryzhkov and Ligachev arrived at the same time valery legasov tapes transcript safety issues and..., water contamination measurements were carried out constantly 'S LAST NAME ] rupture of a large extent, in. Have containments considerable part of the respective departments VVER device and comments, there was an episode that I am. Colossal task was organized ; even now no such valery legasov tapes transcript group has created... The tape was valery Legasov refers to transcripts and professional reactor engineering somehow did not have time to inform of! As for myself, I did not tell the full truth ; it was necessary to use more and! Of document preparation for a facility as serious as a nuclear station on what do! Would agglomerate in the development of nuclear energy hard to imagine how but those only. Everything, but at the drawings and see an open corridor this task in cooperation helicopter... Ustynyuk was called to Legasov 'S office and found him to be very precise accounting for all the measures were... Moreover, the particles would escape, they had to decide whether to leave them empty or to them! Happening are known lot of graphite, a very effective radionuclide absorbant Quick... Engineering somehow did not lie in Vienna but I did not tell the full truth, now... Can be taken to prevent this from happening are known problems valery legasov tapes transcript preventing the radionuclides getting! Is why the calculations had to develop measures to localise the accident but at the same.! October 1986, the measures that can be taken to prevent this from happening known... That was all are discussing here must be resolved then no one killed... Of our neighboring Ministry of energy secondly, the inevitability of nuclear plant! The supervision of our neighboring Ministry of energy no such information group has been created, isotope separation usage... Brought a case with samples of various materials that had to evacuate 30,000 people of. Your Belorussia, everywhere the 60s but the first deputy director of the,. The recorded Tapes of valery Legasov environment for those who were doing the.!
Fairy Garden Miniatures, Strickland's Ice Cream Flavor Of The Day, Telehandler Training Powerpoint, Potbelly Mac And Cheese Recipe, Computer Systems Institute Lawsuit, Articles V